It is worth noting that most electrical services and to some extent mechanical services have a high component of plastic materials such as polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, synthetic rubbers etc. The risks associated with these combustible plastics are such that fire can and will spread or propagate through the services. Intensive combustion also means that plastics frequently release toxic and corrosive fumes that can include particulates, unburned fuel, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide which are not only harmful to the building and its contents but also to its occupants. Such fires can also cause the following problems
fires cause the following problems
• Production of corrosive and extremely toxic gases,
• Long term destruction of construction and related equipment,
• Smoke development and toxic gases in corridors and escape routes,
• Difficult evacuation,
• Impede fire rescue activities by fire fighters.
Typical uses of cables to, in and from Electrical and Mechanical enclosures include fire alarms, emergency lighting, addressable alarm systems, CCTV systems, emergency power supplies and smoke and fire shutters. These cables are normally designed to meet the standards for Fire Detection and Alarm Systems in BS5839: Part 1 and Codes of Practice for Emergency Lighting in BS5266: Part 1.
Most fire resistant cables have been subjected to tests in accordance with BS6387: 1994 “Specification for performance requirements for cables required to maintain circuit integrity under fire conditions” and/or IEC60331-11, 21, 23 & 25 “Test for electric cables under fire conditions – circuit integrity”.
Unfortunately, these standards only test single cables, without any support system, exposed to a small gas flame by means of an elongated Bunsen burner. The heat applied during the test is localised to a small area. While such a test may be adequate for small cables carefully secured directly to a fire resisting wall or floor, it is arguably not suitable to assess the fire performance of larger cables or bunches of cables, exposed to a fully developed fire on all sides, particularly if they are supported on a suspended cable tray which may pass through compartment walls or floors.
Although the cables may achieve the highest classification of the standard, they may not survive as expected if they are exposed on all sides to a fully developed fire, for example, the ISO834 time- temperature fire curve.